Total globulin may be raised due to increased production of alpha-globulins (acute phase proteins), beta-globulins (inflammation, liver disease, endoparasitism) and gamma globulins (chronic antigenic stimulation associated with infection), Some forms of neoplasia (lymphoma/leukaemia, myeloma) may cause monoclonal gammopathies in the beta-globulin or gamma globulin ranges. Albumin will also be higher in heparinized plasma samples than serum.Īlbumin will decrease with overhydration, decreased production (inanition, advanced hepatic disease, malabsorption, reduced production secondary to an acute phase inflammatory protein response), and increased loss (protein-losing enteropathy or glomerulopathy, following severe blood loss, or sequestration in cavitary effusions) A high ratio may indicate some genetic conditions or certain types. A low ratio can indicate kidney disease, liver disease, or autoimmune disorders. If the ratio becomes extreme, your body may have potential health problems. The normal ratio is usually between 1.2-2.0. Total protein may decrease following increased loss (protein-losing enteropathy or glomerulopathy, following severe blood loss, or sequestration in cavitary effusions), increased blood volume (overhydration) or decreased production (inanition, advanced hepatic disease, malabsorption, reduced production secondary to an acute phase inflammatory protein response).Īlbumin concentration increases in excited horses and those suffering from haemoconcentration/dehydration. The globulin-to-albumin ratio is as known as the A/G ratio. Total protein may increase with haemoconcentration/dehydration or increased protein production (chronic inflammation, neoplasia (eg monoclonal gammopathy)). Total protein, albumin and globulin estimations are useful in the assessment of general bodily condition, nutritional status and the response to infectious or parasitic disease.
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